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IAIDO - LEXICON |
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Last update: 01/01/2018 |
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PRONUNCIATION & RULES OF WRITING |
- Combinations of vowels read by pronouncing each vowel: ookii = o-o-ki-i.
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- Double consonants in fact mark the double pronunciation of the vowels that precede.
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- Vowels topped with a circumflex are long.
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- Japanese words have no accented syllables.
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- There is no plural in Japanese: a dojo, two dojo... The plural is expressed by the context.
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- There are only 2 stages of conjugation in Japanese: the present and the past. The future is expressed with an indication in the statement indicating a context that is.
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- In Japan, the names are expressed by indicating first the family name before first name: UESHIBA Morihei.
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ALPHABETS |
katakana |
It is an alphabet of 71 characters which indicate in fact various syllables. It serves especially for writing names and foreign titles. It is with him that begins the learning of Japanese. |
hiragana |
It is also a syllabafy of 71 characters in the more calligraphic writing. It is the most used by the Japanese in the everyday life. |
kanji |
Every ideogram represents a concept, an idea. A word can thus consist of one or several kanji. The Japanese use more than 2.500 in their everyday life. They can be read according
to the Japanese pronunciation or according to the Chinese pronunciation. The same ideogram will thus have several “phonetics”. |
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GENERAL VOCABULARY |
IDEOGRAM |
JAPANESE TERM |
TRANSLATION |
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ASHIGARU |
“Light feet” - warlike not-samurai |
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BU |
The war - in the beginning “to control and protect the people” |
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BUGEI |
Techniques and arts of the combat |
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BUJUTSU |
Techniques and arts of the war |
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BUJUTSU TANREN |
Training and application of martial techniques |
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BUKE |
Social caste of the military aristocracy |
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BUNKAI |
Uke in the kata of Ken Jitsu |
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BUSHI |
Noble warrior - all the samurai |
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BUSHIDO |
The way of the honor of the samurai |
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IAI |
Union, unit with the sabre - by extension with oneself |
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JUTSU |
Technique |
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KAISHAKU |
That which cuts the head at the time of Seppuku |
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KEIGO |
Training |
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KIAI |
Sound due to the explosion of released energy |
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KIRISUTE GOMEN |
“to kill and from to go away” - right which had a samurai to kill a basic person caste with the “incorrect” attitude. |
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KUGE |
Noble of the imperial aristocracy |
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MIKADO |
The way or the celestial door” - the divine emperor of Japan. |
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MON |
“blazon” of a clan or a family. |
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RONIN |
Man of vagueness - samurai without lord |
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SAMOURAI |
Titrate which comes from the verb “samuru” which means “to be useful and protect” |
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SEI I TAI SHOGUN |
“Large généralissime victorious of the barbarians” - complete title of Shôgun |
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SEPPUKU |
To open the belly - ritual suicide |
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SHI O MEN |
Cross on the four sides |
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SUBURI |
Exercises rates/rhythms and repeated |
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TAMESHIGIRI |
Exercises of real cuts |
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TENNO |
Emperor of Japan |
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WAZA |
Forms of techniques |
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WEAPONS |
IDEOGRAM |
JAPANESE TERM |
TRANSLATION |
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AIKUCHI |
Dague sans garde |
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BO ou ROKU SAKU BO |
Bâton de six pieds (1,80 m) |
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BOKEN |
Sabre de bois |
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BOKUTO |
Sabre de bois plus lourd |
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IAITO |
Sabre d’entraînement |
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JITTE |
Brise-lame des officiers de police |
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JO |
Bâton court (1,28 m) |
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KATANA |
Sabre affûté |
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KATANA KATE |
Porte-sabres pour le Daï Sho |
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KUSARI GAMA |
Chaîne lestée reliée à une faucille |
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MASAKARI |
Hache de guerre |
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MANRIKI GUSARI |
Chaîne terminée par une boule |
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NAGINATA |
Arme d’hast à lame de sabre |
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NO TACHI |
Très long sabre de cavalerie |
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SHINAI |
Sabre en lattes de bambou |
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TACHI |
Sabre porté tranchant vers le bas |
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TAMBO |
Masse ou bâton court |
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TANTO |
Dague avec garde |
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TETSUBO |
Bâton renforcé de métal |
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WAKIZASHI |
Sabre court |
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YARI |
Lance |
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YUMI |
Arc de guerre |
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KO TO |
" anciens sabres " - avant 1530 |
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SHIN TO |
" nouveaux sabres " - 1530/1867 |
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SHIN SHIN TO |
" tous nouveaux sabres "> 1868 |
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DAI SHO |
" long-court " - paire de sabres |
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SATSU JINTO |
Le sabre qui tue |
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KATSU JIN KEN |
Le sabre qui ressuscite |
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NI TO |
Techniques à 2 sabres |
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NOMENCLATURE OF THE KATANA |
IDEOGRAM |
JAPANESE TERM |
TRANSLATION |
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BOSHI |
Trempe de la pointe |
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FUCHI |
Virole |
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HA |
Partie trempée de la lame |
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HADA |
Grain de forge |
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HA MACHI |
Cran du tranchant |
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HAMON |
Ligne de trempe |
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HASAKI |
Tranchant de la lame |
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HATARAKI |
Dessins dans la trempe |
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JI |
Partie non trempée de la lame |
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KASHIRA |
Talon du sabre |
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KISSAKI |
Pointe |
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KOSHINOGI |
Arête entre Kissagi et Shinogi-ji |
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KUCHIGANE |
Collier de métal enserrant l’ouverture du fourreau |
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MEI |
Signature sur le Nakago |
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MEKUGI ANA |
Trou de la goupille |
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MITSU GASHIRA |
Jonction des 3 arêtes |
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MONUCHI |
Aire de frappe |
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MUNE |
Dos de la lame |
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MUNE MACHI |
Cran du dos |
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NAKAGO |
Partie de la lame dans la poignée |
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NAKAGO JIRI |
Queue de la soie |
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SAGEO |
Cordon (de soie) |
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SAYA |
Fourreau |
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SHINOGI |
Arête entre Ji et Shinogi-ji |
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SHINOGI JI |
Partie brunie (haut de la lame) |
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SORI |
Flèche du kissaki au Mune-machi |
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TSUBA |
Garde |
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TSUKA |
Poignée |
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YASURIME |
Traits de lime sur le nakago |
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YOKOTE |
Arête entre Monuchi et Kissaki |
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TECHNIQUES |
IDEOGRAM |
JAPANESE TERM |
TRANSLATION |
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KAMAE |
Garde |
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GEDAN KAMAE |
Garde basse |
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CHUDAN KAMAE |
Garde moyenne |
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JODAN KAMAE |
Garde haute |
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ASSO KAMAE ou IN KAMAE |
Garde en " position du cavalier " |
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KATATE KAMAE |
Garde d’une main |
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JODAN KATATE KAMAE |
Garde haute d’une main |
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USHIRO KAMAE |
Garde arrière |
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SHOMEN UCHI ou MEN UCHI |
Coup sur le sommet de la tête |
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MEN NO TANREN |
Ancien nom de Sho Men Uchi |
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YOKOMEN UCHI |
Coup sur le côté de la tête |
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URA YOKO MEN UCHI |
Coupe inversée circulaire de haut en bas |
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KOTE |
Coupe du poignet |
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URA KOTE |
Coupe du poignet de haut en bas |
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SUNE |
Coupe sous le genou |
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URA SUNE |
Coupe inversée du genou |
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DO |
Coupe latérale (flanc) |
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URA DO |
Coupe inversée latérale |
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KIRI TSUKE |
Coupe en dégainant |
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GEDAN KIRI TSUKE |
Coupe en dégainant vers le bas |
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CHUDAN KIRI TSUKE |
Coupe en dégainant moyenne |
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JODAN KIRI TSUKE |
Coupe en dégainant vers le haut |
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USHIRO KIRI TSUKE |
Coupe en dégainant vers l’arrière |
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NUKI TSUKE |
Piquer |
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GEDAN NUKI TSUKE |
Pique basse |
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CHUDAN NUKI TSUKE |
Pique moyenne |
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CHUDAN NUKI TSUKE MAE |
Pique moyenne vers l’avant |
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CHUDAN NUKI TSUKE USHIRO |
Pique moyenne vers l’arrière |
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CHUDAN NUKI TSUKE KATATE |
Pique moyenne d’une main |
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JODAN NUKI TSUKE |
Pique haute |
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JODAN NUKI TSUKE KATATE USHIRO |
Pique haute vers l’arrière d’une main |
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ADE UKE |
Techniques de blocage du sabre |
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ADE UKE JODAN |
Blocking upwards |
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ADE UKE YOKO CHUDAN |
Side blocking |
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DEASHI BARAI |
Blocage en plantant la pointe du sabre dans le sol |
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KAWASHI |
Esquives |
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OSAERU |
Chasser le sabre d’un petit mouvement circulaire énergique |
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IRIMI NO HA |
Pénétrer sur le Nuki dans le Ma-Ai de la lame |
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KIRI NO HA |
Fendre la lame du sabre |
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JU KUMIKEN |
Combat de sabre avec techniques libres |
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